By Jonny Dymond BBC News, Gdansk |

![]() Both heroism and horror were remembered in the pre-dawn darkness |
Searchlights lit up the sky as the hour of the anniversary approached - three streams of light pricking the early morning darkness.
Around the monument to the heroes of the Battle of Westerplatte, military units shuffled into formation.
A long line of dignitaries - military, governmental and religious - faced the obelisk, itself a throwback to Soviet-era sculpture.
Westerplatte is one of Poland's great moments of resistance: bombarded by the German warship Schleswig-Holstein, vastly outnumbered by German troops, and dive-bombed by Stuka planes, 180 lightly armed Polish troops guarding a military depot held out for seven days before surrendering.
At the appointed hour - 0445 (0245 GMT), marking the passage of 70 years to the minute - trumpets rang out across the Westerplatte.
Catastrophe
There was, of course, talk of heroism in the speeches of the mayor of Gdansk, the President Lech Kaczynski and the Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
But for Poland, perhaps more than any other nation on earth, World War II was nothing but a catastrophe. By the war's end, five to six million Poles had been killed, many of them Jews - a greater proportion of Poland's population than that of any other country.
![]() Poland was eventually overwhelmed by Nazi troops |
Both Nazi and Soviet occupiers sought to wipe Poland and its civilisation from the map.
The country's intellectual, religious, commercial and military elite were slaughtered. Properties were confiscated, museums looted, universities and schools closed. The capital Warsaw was destroyed on the orders of Hitler.
And the country became a base for the mechanised slaughter of the Holocaust. Auschwitz, Sobibor and Majdanek were some of the camps placed here by the Nazi occupiers.
"We remember," said Mr Tusk, "because we know well that he who forgets or he who falsifies history, and has power, or will assume power, will bring unhappiness again, like 70 years ago."
'Knife in the back'
Mr Kaczynski, the country's more nationalist president, threw a little more fat on the fire of an argument raging between Poland and Russia over responsibility for the war.
Poles have long seen the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty, signed a week before war started, as the starting gun for the German invasion.
Just two weeks later, in mid September 1939, the Soviet armies occupied eastern Poland, and the country was effectively no more.
"On 17 September," said President Kaczynski, "when we were we still defending Warsaw… that day Poland received a knife in the back."
The Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin will speak later in the day.
But as the dawn broke over the Westerplatte, and the trumpets sounded again to mark the end of the ceremony, it was the soldiers of Poland - who fought and fell for their country - who were, once more, remembered.
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